El Sistema de Valores en la Construcción de Paz y Noviolencia como Dimensión Axiológica del Proceso Formativo en la Institución Educativa Jesús María Valle de la Ciudad de Medellín / The Value System in The Construction of Peace and Nonviolence as an Axiological Dimension of the Educational Process in the Jesús María Valle Educational Institution at Medellín City / Axiológica do Processo de treinamento na institução ensino Jesús María Valle da Cidade de Medellín

Resumen Introducción. El proceso formativo en las Instituciones Educativas de nivel básico y medio contemplan la formación axiológica a partir de la declaración de un sistema de valores, que se despliegan desde las políticas públicas y se traducen en el Proyecto Educativo Institucional-PEI y el manual de convivencia; estos no siempre corresponden a los valores que perciben, apropian y practican las comunidades académicas. En un país como Colombia, en términos de posconflicto, los valores para la cultura de la paz cobran relevancia, dado que una paz duradera y estructural no depende solo del gobierno y los grupos guerrilleros, por lo que de hecho la Comisión de Conciliación Nacional - CNN (2013) establece como mínimos de reconciliación entre otros la "Generación de una cultura de paz". Objetivo. Hacer un análisis con la comunidad académica de un colegio público del Valle de Aburrá, que han experimentado diversos tipos de violencia, para conocer los valores que promueven para la paz y la no violencia, para comprender su dinámica en contraste con la institucionalidad y su impacto en la formación y la convivencia escolar. Materiales y métodos. la presente investigación se propone el enfoque metodológico socio-crítico a partir del cual se estudiará el fenómeno de la formación en su dimensión axiológica a partir del sistema de valores universales definidos por entidades multilaterales como Naciones Unidas y la UNESCO y que hoy promueve el gobierno nacional, el ministerio de educación nacional y las instituciones de educación en contraste con los imaginarios que las comunidades académicas tienen al respecto en relación con la cultura de la paz y la noviolencia. Resultados. Entre los problemas más frecuentes que la comunidad académica identifica al interior de la IE están, el maltrato físico y verbal, el matoneo, las peleas, las drogas y la discriminación; y en el entorno, es decir, al exterior de la Institución identifican, además, la delincuencia, la intolerancia, la discriminación, la violencia de género, la falta de amor y la falta de comunicación, todas estas formas de violencia que los jóvenes identifican claramente, las cuales a su vez se replican en el entorno institucional. Conclusión. del análisis se establecen los valores compartidos como bien común, su importancia, sus conflictos y la forma cómo los resuelven al interior de la comunidad académica.

Abstract Introduction. The educational process in educational institutions of basic and middle level includes axiological training based on the declaration of a system of values, which are deployed from public policies and are translated into the Institutional Educational Project-PEI and the manual of coexistence; these do not always correspond to the values perceived, appropriated and practiced by the academic communities. In a country like Colombia, in terms of post-conflict, the values for the culture of peace become relevant, given that a lasting and structural peace does not depend only on the government and the guerrilla groups, so in fact the National Conciliation Commission-CNN (2013) establishes as minimum reconciliation among others the "Generation of a culture of peace". Objective. The present work intends to make an analysis with the academic community of a public school in the Valle of Aburrá, who have experienced different types of violence, to know the values they promote for peace and nonviolence, to understand their dynamics in contrast to the institutionality and its impact on school education and coexistence. Materials and methods. This research proposes the socio-critical methodological approach from which the phenomenon of training will be studied in its axiological dimension from the system of universal values defined by multilateral entities such as the United Nations and UNESCO and that today promotes the national government, the national education ministry and educational institutions in contrast to the imaginations that academic communities have in this regard in relation to the culture of peace and nonviolence. Results. Among the most frequent problems that the academic community identifies within EI are physical and verbal abuse, bullying, fights, drugs and discrimination; and in the environment, that is, outside the Institution, they also identify crime, intolerance, discrimination, gender violence, lack of love and lack of communication, all these forms of violence that young people identify clearly, which in turn are replicated in the institutional environment. Conclusion. The analysis, shared values are established as a common good, their importance, their conflicts and the way they are resolved within the academic community.

Resumo Introdução. O processo de formação em Instituições de Ensino Básico e Médio contempla a formação axiológica a partir da declaração de um sistema de valores, que se desdobram a partir de políticas públicas e se traduzem no Projeto Educacional Institucional-PEI e no manual de convivência; estes nem sempre correspondem aos valores que as comunidades acadêmicas percebem, se apropriam e praticam. Em um país como a Colômbia, em termos de pós-conflito, os valores para a cultura da paz ganham relevância, pois uma paz duradoura e estrutural não depende apenas do governo e dos grupos guerrilheiros, de fato a Comissão Nacional de Conciliação-A CNN (2013) estabelece como reconciliação mínima entre outras a "Geração de uma cultura de paz". Objetivo. Realizar uma análise com a comunidade acadêmica de uma escola pública do Vale do Aburrá, que vivenciaram diversos tipos de violência, para conhecer os valores que promovem para a paz e não violência, para entender sua dinâmica em contraste com o quadro institucional e seu impacto na formação e na convivência escolar. Materiais e métodos. esta pesquisa propõe a abordagem metodológica sociocrítica a partir da qual o fenômeno da formação será estudado em sua dimensão axiológica a partir do sistema de valores universais definidos por entidades multilaterais como as Nações Unidas e a UNESCO e que hoje promove para o governo nacional, o ministério nacional da educação e as instituições educacionais, em contraste com a imaginação que as comunidades acadêmicas têm a esse respeito em relação à cultura de paz e não-violência. Resultados. Entre os problemas mais frequentes que a comunidade acadêmica identifica dentro da EI estão abuso físico e verbal, bullying, brigas, drogas e discriminação; e no ambiente, ou seja, fora da Instituição, também identificam crime, intolerância, discriminação, violência de gênero, falta de amor e falta de comunicação, todas essas formas de violência que os jovens identificam com clareza, que por sua vez se replicam no Ambiente institucional. Conclusões. a análise e os valores compartilhados se estabelecem como um bem comum, sua importância, seus conflitos e a forma como são resolvidos no seio da comunidade acadêmica.

Communication about Death and Confidence Levels concerning Death-Related Issues among Koreans

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the current status of communication about death and confidence levels concerning death-related issues among Korean adults.METHODS: A survey was conducted to ascertain the frequency of death related communication, factors promoting and impeding such communication, and confidence levels concerning death-related issues. Data of 112 participants who completed the survey were analyzed using descriptive statistics, a chi square test, and multiple logistic regression.RESULTS: More than half of the participants (52.7%–84.0%) appeared to have infrequent (never/at least one) conversations about death or death-related issues. Owing to socio-cultural aspects, death-related communication was considered a taboo or an unpleasant topic of conversation. Additionally, indifference toward death inhibited people from communicating; however, personal experiences of death or morbidity and favorable social contexts promoted communication. Overall, the confidence levels concerning death-related issues was low. Only 17.9%–32.2% of the participants were confident/very confident about their preferences concerning death-related issues. The more people talked about death, the more likely they were to develop a confident attitude toward death-related issues (odds ratio, 3.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.37–8.69).CONCLUSION: This study confirmed that communication about death is being withheld among Koreans, and this could possibly lower their level of confidence regarding death-related issues. To achieve death with dignity, a ‘death culture’ needs to be promoted alongside legislation and infrastructure.

Value analysis of protection system for varieties of Chinese materia medica / 中草药

The value system of the protection system for varieties of Chinese materia medica (CMM) has the characteristics of times and development, which is adjusted with the growth of CMM industry. In the early stage of the system, improving the quality of CMM and promoting the allocation of CMM resources and implement the right to health are the main aims of the system. In the background that the aims have almost come to true, and the system has the potential to develop as a special protection system for intellectual property right of CMM, we may make “to protect the interests of related obligee and encourage the inheritance and innovation of CMM” and “to promote the variety development and improve the quality of the varieties, increase the social welfare of the public” as the new and main purposes, which will lay a theoretical foundation for the design of intellectual property protection mechanism of the protection system for varieties of CMM.

Differences in the Ethical Value System of Social Work between China and Western Societies and the Medical Social Work / 中国医学伦理学

Different cultural backgrounds between China and western societies determine the differences of their ethical value systems,which are both oriented by group interests and individual health interests.As the society develops,the new type medical service system enrolls various issues including social psychological service,embodying the characteristics and ethical values of medical social work.Therefore,it is necessary to fully make clear and take use of the differences of Chinese and western cultures in the practice of medical social work,apply ethical values in the construction of social welfare system building,and meanwhile guide the development of community social work.

Realistic Value of Discussing on Core Value of Medical Students / 中国医学伦理学

Medical Students of modern society are undergoing the change of idea of value.Core value is the core of value system.Therefore,the writer discussing on "Core Value of Medical Students" is to build a harmonious socialist society and to make a rapid development for the medical cause.It is also a unshirkable task of teachers in higher education institutions.